Cancer

The earlier diagnosis has the higher chance for successful therapy and better prognosis. All recommendations for early cancer diagnostics include periodical and systematic examinations as well self-examinations by each person.

Alarming symptoms:

• Appearance of the nodules and masses on the body, breast secretion or retraction of the nipple.

• Skin: erosions which do not heal, changes in the look of nevus (mole - peeling, itchying, change of the shape or color, bleeding).

• Blood in the sputum, urin or in stool, black stool, irregular vaginal bleeding.

• Change in the stool habits, recent onset of the constipation, exchanging constipations and diarrhea, stool like "pencil".

• Unexplained fever, weight lost, fatigue or pain.

• Frequent bronchitis or recurrence pneumonia.

• Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, chronic cough, difficulties in swallowing, changes in the voice.

Periodical examinations:

• At the age 20-40 years, periodical examinations are recommended: mouth and throat, thyroid gland, limphatic nodules, testis at males and ovaries at women.

• After 40 years, the examinations are recommended once at 1-2 years.

Breast

• The most frequent cancer of women.

• At the age 20 - 40 year, medical examination every three years and personal examination once a month.

• After 40 years, medical examination, ultrasound and mamography once a year with personal examination once a month.

Respiratory Tact

• Pulmonary and bronchial cancer is the most frequent cancer of men.

• Continuous coughing, blood in sputum, unclear fevers, recurrent pneumonia or bronchitis require medical examination.

Cancer of Colon and Bowel

• Cancer of colon is on the second place by incidence and mortality at both gender, more frequent at males.

• At the age of 50 years, three approaches are recommended for both gender:

  • Digitorectal examination during all systematic examinations or specific diagnostics for colon.

  • Haemocult test in the stool 1 per year and flexible sygmoidoscopy each 5 years.

  • Colonoscopy, each 10 years after normal findings.

  • Irigography with double contrast, each 10 years after normal findings.

  • High risk persons (colon polyposis, ulcerative colitis) are recommended to submit to early and regular diagnostics assessments.

Prostate Prostate cancer is at the 4th position of male cancer incidence and mortality.

• Prostate gland - after 50 years PSA (prostate serum antigen) and digirorectal examination every year.

Uterus and Ovaries

• Regular gynecological examination and Papa-Nicolau test of all sexually active women and over 18 years - 1 per year or at longer periods upon medical opinion.

• Over 40 years, complete examination 1 per year.

• Color Doppler ultrasound is the only reliable method for early diagnostics of the ovary cancer, recommended whenever possible at regular examination.

Skin

• Medical examination of all skin erosions that do not heal, the changes in the pigmentation, peelling or bleeding of the erosions or nevuses.

• Persons with numerous or changing nevuses require regular dermatology examinations and less exposure to the sun. Each change of the nevus should be reported to the physician, if possible the examination with ELM - epiluminiscent dermal mycroscopy.

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